What is "Manner of Articulation"?
"Whereas vowel sounds are articulated a free airflow, consonant sounds involve some narrowing of the articulatory passageway, or some obstruction of the airflow."
Prator, 1985
1. Stop
When the airstream is blocked or stopped completely before its release: /p, b, t, d, g, k/ as in pie, buy, too, bud, great, and crate.
2. Fricative
The air is forced through a narrow passageway in the mouth or throat creating continuous friction: /f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ᶴ, ʒ, h/ as in feet, vine, think, those, seal, zeal, shield, pleasure, and heat.
3. Affricate
The sound begins as a stop and is then released as a fricative: /ʧ, ʤ/ as in church, and judge.
4. Nasal
Continuous air is released through the nasal cavity while the speech organs assume a stoplike position: /m, n, ŋ/ as in moon, neither, and long.
5. Approximant
The airstream moves around the tongue in a relatively unobstructed manner: liquids /l, r/ as in clear, and dark, and glides /w, y/ as in year, and wood.
When the airstream is blocked or stopped completely before its release: /p, b, t, d, g, k/ as in pie, buy, too, bud, great, and crate.
2. Fricative
The air is forced through a narrow passageway in the mouth or throat creating continuous friction: /f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ᶴ, ʒ, h/ as in feet, vine, think, those, seal, zeal, shield, pleasure, and heat.
3. Affricate
The sound begins as a stop and is then released as a fricative: /ʧ, ʤ/ as in church, and judge.
4. Nasal
Continuous air is released through the nasal cavity while the speech organs assume a stoplike position: /m, n, ŋ/ as in moon, neither, and long.
5. Approximant
The airstream moves around the tongue in a relatively unobstructed manner: liquids /l, r/ as in clear, and dark, and glides /w, y/ as in year, and wood.
